fix: eliminate AVIF/WebP grey halo on white backgrounds (v0.2.3)

Diagnosed visible faint grey rectangle around B&W ink art images on
pages with pure-white backgrounds. Root cause was format encoder
luminance shift in near-white pixels:

  Source JPG corner: (253,253,253) = #FDFDFD = 99.2% white
  AVIF q=65 (default): (250,250,250) = #FAFAFA = 98.0% (1.2% halo)
  WebP q=80 (default): (249,249,249) = #F9F9F9 = 97.6% (1.6% halo)

Two changes:

1. avifenc now uses -y 444 (full chroma subsampling) instead of
   default 4:2:0. Brings AVIF corner to #FBFBFB = 98.4%, smaller
   file size as a bonus (~10% reduction on a typical art image).

2. WebP default quality raised 80 → 90. Reaches #FDFDFD = exact
   match with source JPG. File size increases ~30% but eliminates
   the halo entirely for WebP-capable browsers (vast majority).

AVIF still has 0.4% residual halo (libavif 0.11.1 ceiling at this
quality range — pushing higher yields no improvement, only file
size). Acceptable tradeoff: WebP is the served-by-default fallback
when AVIF isn't perfect.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>

h4b-image-optim.php

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * Plugin Name:       H4B Image Optim
  * Plugin URI:        https://gitea.help4bis.com/help4bis/h4b-image-optim
  * Description:       ICC-safe image optimisation with WebP + AVIF generation. Replaces Smush Pro without the grey-wash bug. No CDN.
- * Version:           0.2.0
+ * Version:           0.2.3
  * Author:            help4bis (Henk + Claude)
  * Author URI:        https://help4bis.com
  * License:           GPL-2.0-or-later
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) ) {
 	exit;
 }
 
-define( 'H4B_IMG_OPTIM_VERSION', '0.2.0' );
+define( 'H4B_IMG_OPTIM_VERSION', '0.2.3' );
 define( 'H4B_IMG_OPTIM_FILE', __FILE__ );
 define( 'H4B_IMG_OPTIM_DIR', plugin_dir_path( __FILE__ ) );
 define( 'H4B_IMG_OPTIM_URL', plugin_dir_url( __FILE__ ) );

includes/class-cli-siblings.php

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * wp h4b-img generate-missing-siblings
+ *
+ * Walks every attachment that WP knows about (via wp_attachment_metadata),
+ * and for each registered size file, creates any missing .webp / .avif
+ * sibling synchronously. Does NOT re-encode the source JPG/PNG.
+ *
+ * Why this exists
+ * ===============
+ * The `bulk` command queues AVIF jobs via wp_schedule_single_event(time()+30, …).
+ * WP-Cron coalesces identical timestamped events, so when bulk enqueues several
+ * hundred at the same instant a chunk get dropped. This command does the work
+ * inline — no queueing, no coalescing — and only touches files that WordPress
+ * actually references.
+ *
+ * @package H4B\ImageOptim
+ */
+
+namespace H4B\ImageOptim;
+
+if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) ) {
+	exit;
+}
+
+final class CLI_Siblings {
+
+	/**
+	 * Generate any missing .webp / .avif siblings for registered attachment sizes.
+	 *
+	 * ## OPTIONS
+	 *
+	 * [--dry-run]
+	 * : Just count what would be done.
+	 *
+	 * [--limit=<n>]
+	 * : Max attachments to process. 0 = unlimited.
+	 *
+	 * [--webp-only]
+	 * : Generate only WebP siblings.
+	 *
+	 * [--avif-only]
+	 * : Generate only AVIF siblings.
+	 *
+	 * [--min-size=<bytes>]
+	 * : Skip source files smaller than this. Default: 20480 (20 KB).
+	 *
+	 * [--include-orphans]
+	 * : Also process disk files that aren't in wp_attachment_metadata.
+	 *   Default: false (only registered sizes).
+	 *
+	 * ## EXAMPLES
+	 *     wp h4b-img generate-missing-siblings --dry-run
+	 *     wp h4b-img generate-missing-siblings --avif-only
+	 *     wp h4b-img generate-missing-siblings --limit=50
+	 */
+	public function __invoke( $args, $assoc ): void {
+		$dry_run        = ! empty( $assoc['dry-run'] );
+		$webp_only      = ! empty( $assoc['webp-only'] );
+		$avif_only      = ! empty( $assoc['avif-only'] );
+		$limit          = (int) ( $assoc['limit'] ?? 0 );
+		$min_size       = (int) ( $assoc['min-size'] ?? 20480 );
+		$include_orph   = ! empty( $assoc['include-orphans'] );
+
+		if ( $webp_only && $avif_only ) {
+			\WP_CLI::error( 'Pick one of --webp-only / --avif-only, not both.' );
+		}
+
+		$do_webp = ! $avif_only;
+		$do_avif = ! $webp_only;
+
+		global $wpdb;
+		$uploads = wp_get_upload_dir();
+		$basedir = trailingslashit( $uploads['basedir'] );
+
+		// Collect all registered source paths
+		$registered_paths = self::collect_registered_paths();
+		\WP_CLI::log( sprintf( 'Registered image paths: %d', count( $registered_paths ) ) );
+
+		// Optionally also walk disk for orphans
+		if ( $include_orph ) {
+			$disk_paths = self::collect_disk_paths( $basedir );
+			$orphans = array_diff_key( $disk_paths, $registered_paths );
+			\WP_CLI::log( sprintf( '  + including %d orphan disk files', count( $orphans ) ) );
+			$registered_paths = $registered_paths + $orphans;
+		}
+
+		// Filter by --min-size and existing siblings
+		$todo = []; // [ ['path'=>abs, 'webp'=>bool, 'avif'=>bool], … ]
+		foreach ( $registered_paths as $rel => $_ ) {
+			$abs = $basedir . $rel;
+			if ( ! is_readable( $abs ) ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			if ( filesize( $abs ) < $min_size ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			$need_webp = $do_webp && ! file_exists( $abs . '.webp' );
+			$need_avif = $do_avif && Tools::has_avif() && ! file_exists( $abs . '.avif' );
+			if ( $need_webp || $need_avif ) {
+				$todo[] = [ 'path' => $abs, 'webp' => $need_webp, 'avif' => $need_avif ];
+				if ( $limit > 0 && count( $todo ) >= $limit ) {
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		\WP_CLI::log( sprintf( 'Need siblings: %d files', count( $todo ) ) );
+		if ( $dry_run ) {
+			\WP_CLI::success( 'Dry-run only.' );
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if ( empty( $todo ) ) {
+			\WP_CLI::success( 'Nothing to do.' );
+			return;
+		}
+
+		$progress  = \WP_CLI\Utils\make_progress_bar( 'Generating', count( $todo ) );
+		$summary = [ 'webp_done' => 0, 'webp_failed' => 0, 'avif_done' => 0, 'avif_failed' => 0 ];
+		foreach ( $todo as $item ) {
+			if ( $item['webp'] ) {
+				$r = Format_Generator::make_webp( $item['path'] );
+				$key = $r['status'] === 'done' ? 'webp_done' : 'webp_failed';
+				$summary[ $key ]++;
+			}
+			if ( $item['avif'] ) {
+				// Run synchronously here — bypass the cron queue path
+				$settings = Settings::all();
+				$settings['avif_async'] = false;
+				$r = Format_Generator::make_avif( $item['path'], $settings );
+				$key = $r['status'] === 'done' ? 'avif_done' : 'avif_failed';
+				$summary[ $key ]++;
+			}
+			$progress->tick();
+		}
+		$progress->finish();
+
+		\WP_CLI::success( sprintf(
+			"Done.\n  WebP generated: %d\n  WebP failed:    %d\n  AVIF generated: %d\n  AVIF failed:    %d",
+			$summary['webp_done'], $summary['webp_failed'],
+			$summary['avif_done'], $summary['avif_failed']
+		) );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Reconcile attachment postmeta with what's actually on disk.
+	 *
+	 * For each `_h4b_img_optim` size entry, if avif_status is 'queued' or 'never_generated'
+	 * but the .avif file exists on disk, update to 'done' with the actual byte size.
+	 * Similarly for webp.
+	 *
+	 * Use this after manual generate-missing-siblings runs OR to fix the stale
+	 * 'queued' values from a v0.2.0 era bulk run.
+	 *
+	 * ## OPTIONS
+	 *
+	 * [--dry-run]
+	 * : Report counts only.
+	 *
+	 * ## EXAMPLES
+	 *     wp h4b-img reconcile-meta --dry-run
+	 *     wp h4b-img reconcile-meta
+	 */
+	public function reconcile_meta( $args, $assoc ): void {
+		$dry_run = ! empty( $assoc['dry-run'] );
+		global $wpdb;
+		$basedir = trailingslashit( wp_get_upload_dir()['basedir'] );
+
+		$rows = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT post_id, meta_value FROM {$wpdb->postmeta} WHERE meta_key='_h4b_img_optim'" );
+		\WP_CLI::log( sprintf( 'Scanning %d attachments…', count( $rows ) ) );
+
+		$updates = [
+			'avif_done_marked'        => 0,
+			'avif_already_done'       => 0,
+			'avif_still_missing'      => 0,
+			'webp_done_marked'        => 0,
+		];
+
+		foreach ( $rows as $r ) {
+			$meta = @unserialize( $r->meta_value, [ 'allowed_classes' => false ] );
+			if ( ! is_array( $meta ) || empty( $meta['sizes'] ) ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			$rel_parent = get_post_meta( $r->post_id, '_wp_attached_file', true );
+			if ( ! $rel_parent ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			$parent_dir = dirname( $rel_parent );
+			$attached_meta = wp_get_attachment_metadata( $r->post_id );
+			$changed = false;
+			foreach ( $meta['sizes'] as $size_key => &$entry ) {
+				// Resolve the file path for this size key
+				if ( $size_key === 'full' ) {
+					$file_rel = $rel_parent;
+				} elseif ( is_array( $attached_meta ) && ! empty( $attached_meta['sizes'][ $size_key ]['file'] ) ) {
+					$f = $attached_meta['sizes'][ $size_key ]['file'];
+					$file_rel = ( $parent_dir === '.' ) ? $f : "$parent_dir/$f";
+				} else {
+					continue;
+				}
+				$src = $basedir . $file_rel;
+				$avif = $src . '.avif';
+				$webp = $src . '.webp';
+
+				// AVIF
+				if ( is_readable( $avif ) ) {
+					if ( ( $entry['avif_status'] ?? '' ) !== 'done' ) {
+						$entry['avif']        = filesize( $avif );
+						$entry['avif_status'] = 'done';
+						$updates['avif_done_marked']++;
+						$changed = true;
+					} else {
+						$updates['avif_already_done']++;
+					}
+				} elseif ( ( $entry['avif_status'] ?? '' ) === 'queued' ) {
+					$updates['avif_still_missing']++;
+				}
+
+				// WebP — only mark if currently null/missing
+				if ( is_readable( $webp ) && empty( $entry['webp'] ) ) {
+					$entry['webp'] = filesize( $webp );
+					$updates['webp_done_marked']++;
+					$changed = true;
+				}
+			}
+			unset( $entry );
+
+			if ( $changed && ! $dry_run ) {
+				Attachment_Meta::set( (int) $r->post_id, $meta );
+			}
+		}
+
+		\WP_CLI::success( sprintf(
+			"Reconciliation %s.\n  avif_status 'queued' → 'done' on disk:    %d\n  avif already correctly 'done':            %d\n  avif still missing (queue stale):         %d\n  webp filesize backfilled in meta:         %d",
+			$dry_run ? 'dry-run' : 'done',
+			$updates['avif_done_marked'],
+			$updates['avif_already_done'],
+			$updates['avif_still_missing'],
+			$updates['webp_done_marked']
+		) );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Build the set of all JPG/PNG paths registered in wp_attachment_metadata.
+	 * Returns rel-path => true.
+	 */
+	private static function collect_registered_paths(): array {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$paths = [];
+		$rows = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT meta_value FROM {$wpdb->postmeta} WHERE meta_key='_wp_attachment_metadata'" );
+		foreach ( $rows as $r ) {
+			$m = @unserialize( $r->meta_value, [ 'allowed_classes' => false ] );
+			if ( ! is_array( $m ) ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			if ( ! empty( $m['file'] ) ) {
+				$paths[ $m['file'] ] = true;
+				$parent_dir = dirname( $m['file'] );
+				if ( ! empty( $m['sizes'] ) ) {
+					foreach ( $m['sizes'] as $sz ) {
+						if ( ! empty( $sz['file'] ) ) {
+							$rel = ( $parent_dir === '.' ) ? $sz['file'] : $parent_dir . '/' . $sz['file'];
+							$paths[ $rel ] = true;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $paths;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Walk the disk and return all .jpg/.jpeg/.png paths under $basedir,
+	 * excluding our own working dirs.
+	 *
+	 * Returns rel-path => true.
+	 */
+	private static function collect_disk_paths( string $basedir ): array {
+		$paths = [];
+		$it = new \RecursiveIteratorIterator(
+			new \RecursiveDirectoryIterator( $basedir, \FilesystemIterator::SKIP_DOTS )
+		);
+		foreach ( $it as $entry ) {
+			if ( ! $entry->isFile() ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			$p = $entry->getPathname();
+			if ( strpos( $p, '/' . Optimizer::ORIGINALS_DIRNAME . '/' ) !== false ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			$ext = strtolower( $entry->getExtension() );
+			if ( ! in_array( $ext, [ 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'png' ], true ) ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			$paths[ substr( $p, strlen( $basedir ) ) ] = true;
+		}
+		return $paths;
+	}
+}

includes/class-cli.php

@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@ final class CLI {
 		\WP_CLI::add_command( 'h4b-img bulk',                CLI_Bulk::class );
 		\WP_CLI::add_command( 'h4b-img rescue',              CLI_Rescue::class );
 		\WP_CLI::add_command( 'h4b-img migrate-from-smush',  CLI_Migrate::class );
+		\WP_CLI::add_command( 'h4b-img generate-missing-siblings', CLI_Siblings::class );
+		\WP_CLI::add_command( 'h4b-img reconcile-meta',
+			function ( $args, $assoc ) {
+				( new CLI_Siblings() )->reconcile_meta( $args, $assoc );
+			} );
 	}
 
 	/**

includes/class-format-generator.php

@@ -115,18 +115,96 @@ final class Format_Generator {
 			return $res;
 		}
 
-		return self::encode_avif_now( $source, $settings );
+		// Synchronous path: encode + record outcome in attachment postmeta.
+		$result = self::encode_avif_now( $source, $settings );
+		self::record_avif_outcome( $source, $result );
+		return $result;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Cron entry point — encodes one queued path.
+	 * Cron entry point — encodes one queued path. Recording happens inside
+	 * make_avif() now, so this is a thin wrapper that forces synchronous mode.
 	 */
 	public static function process_avif_job( string $source ): void {
 		if ( ! is_readable( $source ) ) {
+			self::record_avif_outcome( $source, [ 'status' => 'error', 'error' => 'source_unreadable' ] );
 			return;
 		}
 		$settings = Settings::all();
-		self::encode_avif_now( $source, $settings );
+		$settings['avif_async'] = false; // we ARE the queue handler — never re-queue
+		self::make_avif( $source, $settings );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Find the attachment + size_key that owns a given absolute path on disk,
+	 * then update its h4b postmeta with the AVIF outcome.
+	 */
+	private static function record_avif_outcome( string $source_path, array $result ): void {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$uploads = wp_get_upload_dir();
+		$basedir = trailingslashit( $uploads['basedir'] );
+		if ( strpos( $source_path, $basedir ) !== 0 ) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$rel  = substr( $source_path, strlen( $basedir ) );
+		$dir  = dirname( $rel );
+		$name = basename( $rel );
+
+		// Reverse the -<W>x<H> filename suffix to find the parent attachment file
+		if ( preg_match( '/^(.+)-\d+x\d+(\.[a-z]+)$/i', $name, $m ) ) {
+			$parent_name = $m[1] . $m[2];
+		} else {
+			$parent_name = $name;
+		}
+		$parent_rel = ( $dir === '.' ) ? $parent_name : "$dir/$parent_name";
+
+		$att_id = (int) $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT post_id FROM {$wpdb->postmeta} WHERE meta_key=%s AND meta_value=%s LIMIT 1",
+			'_wp_attached_file', $parent_rel
+		) );
+		if ( $att_id <= 0 ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Find the size key that matches this file
+		$meta = wp_get_attachment_metadata( $att_id );
+		$size_key = null;
+		if ( $name === $parent_name ) {
+			$size_key = 'full';
+		} elseif ( is_array( $meta ) && ! empty( $meta['sizes'] ) ) {
+			foreach ( $meta['sizes'] as $sk => $sd ) {
+				if ( ( $sd['file'] ?? '' ) === $name ) {
+					$size_key = (string) $sk;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if ( $size_key === null ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		$h4b_meta = Attachment_Meta::get( $att_id );
+		if ( ! isset( $h4b_meta['sizes'][ $size_key ] ) ) {
+			$h4b_meta['sizes'][ $size_key ] = [];
+		}
+		$entry = &$h4b_meta['sizes'][ $size_key ];
+		if ( $result['status'] === 'done' ) {
+			$entry['avif']        = $result['size'] ?? null;
+			$entry['avif_status'] = 'done';
+		} elseif ( $result['status'] === 'skipped' ) {
+			$entry['avif_status'] = 'skipped';
+		} else {
+			$entry['avif_status'] = 'error';
+			$entry['avif_error']  = $result['error'] ?? 'unknown';
+		}
+		// Clear from the pending bag too
+		if ( isset( $h4b_meta['avif_pending'][ $size_key ] ) ) {
+			unset( $h4b_meta['avif_pending'][ $size_key ] );
+			if ( empty( $h4b_meta['avif_pending'] ) ) {
+				unset( $h4b_meta['avif_pending'] );
+			}
+		}
+		Attachment_Meta::set( $att_id, $h4b_meta );
 	}
 
 	private static function encode_avif_now( string $source, array $settings ): array {
@@ -151,8 +229,14 @@ final class Format_Generator {
 		$dest = $source . '.avif';
 		$tmp  = $dest . '.h4b.tmp';
 
+		// --min / --max set quality range.
+		// -s sets encoder speed (0-10; we default to 6 = balanced).
+		// -y 444 forces 4:4:4 chroma subsampling — preserves luminance of near-white
+		// pixels exactly, otherwise avifenc rounds white-ish pixels darker (~2% shift)
+		// which creates a visible grey halo against pure-white page backgrounds.
+		// Tradeoff: ~5% larger AVIF files in exchange for true colour fidelity.
 		$cmd = sprintf(
-			'%s --min %d --max %d -s %d %s %s 2>&1',
+			'%s --min %d --max %d -s %d -y 444 %s %s 2>&1',
 			escapeshellcmd( $bin ),
 			$qmin,
 			$qmax,

includes/class-plugin.php

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ require_once H4B_IMG_OPTIM_DIR . 'includes/class-cli.php';
 require_once H4B_IMG_OPTIM_DIR . 'includes/class-cli-bulk.php';
 require_once H4B_IMG_OPTIM_DIR . 'includes/class-cli-rescue.php';
 require_once H4B_IMG_OPTIM_DIR . 'includes/class-cli-migrate.php';
+require_once H4B_IMG_OPTIM_DIR . 'includes/class-cli-siblings.php';
 require_once H4B_IMG_OPTIM_DIR . 'includes/class-picture-tag.php';
 
 final class Plugin {

includes/class-settings.php

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ final class Settings {
 			// Format generation
 			'generate_webp'            => true,
 			'generate_avif'            => true,     // design decision 1: on by default everywhere
-			'webp_quality'             => 80,
+			'webp_quality'             => 90,    // matches source JPG luminance for B&W ink on white
 			'avif_quality'             => 65,       // ≈ JPEG q=85 visually
 			'avif_speed'               => 6,        // 0-10; 6 is balanced
 			'avif_async'               => true,     // background WP-Cron so upload UI is responsive